Bioprospecting of green and blue bioresources from Southern Ocean offers plethora of bioresources. Southern Ocean has physio-chemical factors that have a bigger impact on life as compared to other marine ecosystems. As a result, Southern Ocean is home to a diverse range of microorganisms that can adapt to harsh environments. Extremophiles have a part to play in this because of their capacity to flourish in conditions with extreme temperatures, light, carbon doxide levels and metal concentrations as well as acidic or alkaline pH. Extremophiles are a diverse group of creatures that live in habitats with unusual habitat ranges. These organisms are exceptionally good at adapting to such settings, which guarantees their optimum growth. Certain groups of the Kingdom Protista appear to be more tolerant of extremophilic environments than other taxa, according to analysis of the evolutionary relationships of the known extremophiles. They have distinctive defence mechanisms as well as strong enzymatic and biocatalytic systems, both of which could be advantageous in a range of industrial applications. A number of multinational teams are currently applying genetic engineering technology as an alternative to the utilisation of extremophilic microalgae to enable land plant crops to manufacture the beneficial LC Omega-3 oils. Fungal adaptations to low temperatures in Antarctic marine habitats result in the creation of structurally unique enzymes and secondary metabolites that provide them a competitive edge over other microbes. Fungi can serve as a significant source of bioactive compounds that have lately sparked interest in exploring various research due to their potential medicinal benefits. Using the extremophiles, contaminants can be actively degraded and changed into less hazardous compounds. Extremophiles have the potential that can be used in a variety of industrial and biotechnological applications because of their strong enzymatic mechanisms. Amity Southern Ocean Isolate 01(ASOI-01), bacterial isolate was found to be beneficial in surfactant degradation of detergent. While the potential of extremophilic microflora is being investigated, more work still has to be done in the areas of physiology, molecular biology, metabolic engineering and outdoor cultivation bioprospecting.
